A new analysis of brain imaging studies suggests that low levels of an important nutrient may be linked to anxiety. The nutrient, choline, was found at lower levels in the brains of people with anxiety disorders.
Researchers conducted a review of magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies, which measure chemical activity in the brain. They looked at data from 25 studies involving more than 700 people.
The findings showed that people with anxiety had about 8% lower levels of choline-containing compounds in their brains compared to others. This reduction was most notable in the prefrontal cortex, an area involved in emotional control and focus.
The pattern was seen across different types of anxiety, including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder. Levels of other brain metabolites did not show the same clear change.
Choline supports brain function in several ways. It helps the body make acetylcholine, a chemical messenger important for memory and calmness. It is also needed to build cell membranes in the brain and nerves, and it supports processes involved in regulating mood.
The researchers propose a theory for the link. Chronic anxiety may put the brain in a state of high alert, increasing its metabolic needs. To meet this demand, the brain may use up choline more quickly. If a person’s diet does not provide enough choline to replace what is used, levels in the brain may gradually fall.
Maintaining healthy choline levels is important for brain plasticity, emotional regulation, and communication between different brain regions.
Choline is found in many common foods. Good sources include egg yolks, organ meats, salmon, chicken, turkey, soybeans, tofu, milk, dairy products, beef, and cruciferous vegetables like broccoli.
The study notes that the brain may absorb choline more effectively when it comes from sources also rich in omega-3 fats, such as fatty fish. Eating salmon or sardines with vegetables, or using an omega-3 supplement, could be helpful.
The analysis does not state that low choline causes anxiety. Instead, it indicates that reduced brain choline could be a common biological feature among different anxiety disorders. It also suggests that ongoing anxiety might use up choline faster than most people can replenish it through diet alone.
Dietitians often note that small changes, like including an extra egg yolk or a few servings of salmon per week, can help meet nutritional needs for brain health. While nutrition is one factor, anxiety is complex and anyone experiencing symptoms should consult a healthcare professional for a full evaluation and guidance.
